Chemistry
The branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances.
Biochemistry is also called as "Chemistry of Life ". This branch covers all the reactions that take place inside living things.
For example, the synthesis of biomolecules in the bodies of living things such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats and the metabolism of these substances.
Metabolism
Metabolism is the combination of two process. One of them is Catabolism and other is Anabolism.
In "Anabolism" small molecules combine together to form a large molecule. For example, in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, CO2 and H2O combine together, in the body of plants, to form a large molecule "Glucose" and oxygen. That process is "Anabolism Process".
In "Catabolism" a large molecule convert into smaller one. Similarly, Glucose in the presence of oxygen break down into CO2 and H2O and large amount of energy released. That is the process of Respiration.
Respiration is catabolic process. So, all of these reaction in which glucose is produced and convert into water and carbon dioxide, take place in living organism. We study them in biochemistry in this branch we also study that how living things obtain energy from food as we see glucose in the presence of oxygen, oxidize and respiration take place and give a large amount of energy and water and carbon dioxide also produced and how the fundamental biological changes occur during a disease. It is also studied in biochemistry.
Applications of biochemistry are in the fields of medicines, food sciences and agriculture.
Industrial Chemistry
Industrial Chemistry, is the branch of chemistry that deals with the manufacturing of chemical compounds on commercial scale, is called industrial chemistry.
The branch of chemistry that deals with the manufacturing of chemical compounds on commercial scale, is called industrial chemistry.
It deals with the commercial manufacturing of basic chemicals such as, ammonia, caustic soda, nitric acid and sulphuric acid and these chemicals provide the raw materials for many other industries such as fertilizers, soap, textiles, agricultural products, paints and paper etc.
Nuclear Chemistry
The branch of chemistry that deals with radioactivity, nuclear processes and nuclear properties is called Nuclear Chemistry.
Nuclear chemistry, as the name implies, is mostly related to the nucleus.
The main concern of nuclear chemistry is with atomic energy and its uses in daily life.
This branch also includes the study of the chemical effects resulting from the absorption of radiation within animals, plants and other materials.
it has vast applications in medical treatment (radiotherapy), preservation of food and generation of electrical power through nuclear reactors, etc
For example, when U-235 is bombarded with slow moving neutrons,
the uranium breaks up to produce Barium-139 and Krypton-94 and three neutrons along with a large amount of energy is released. Nuclear chemistry also involves in the treatment of skin cancer, isotope like P-32 and Sr-90 are used because they emit fewer penetrating radiations.
For cancer, Co-60 affecting within the body, is used because it emits strongly penetrating gamma rays. Isotopes of Iodine-131 are used for diagnosis of goitre in thyroid gland. All of these are related with nuclear chemistry.
Environmental Chemistry
It is the branch of chemistry in which we study about components of the environment and effects of human activities on the environment.
Environmental Chemistry is related to other branches like biology, geology, ecology, soil and water.
The knowledge of chemical processes taking place in environment is necessary for its improvement and protection against pollution.
Analytical Chemistry
The branch of chemistry that deals with separation and analysis of sample to identify its components is called analytical chemistry
In analytical chemistry we deal with separation and analysis of sample to identify its components.
The separation is carried out prior to qualitative and quantitative analysis
means prior to qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Qualitative analysis provides the identity of a substance (Composition of a chemical species)
In qualitative analysis we identify the components of given species.
On the other hand, quantitative analysis, determine the amount of each component present in the sample.
Hence, in this branch different techniques and instruments used for analysis are studied.
The scope of this branch covers food, water, environment and clinical analysis.
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